Interlude

A break from the translation, and a quote from the introduction to Physics, Or Natural Hearing of Aristotle, translated by Greg Coughlin:

Logic is another art which is radically affected by denying that nature works for some good, for logic is another art which intends to help nature do what it is ordered to, in this case, to know. The considerations of the end found in the Physics is presupposed to a proper consideration of logic, medecine, and any other arts which are directed to the achievement of natural ends.

So if we deny that nature acts for an end, no logic, no medecine, and so on.

Is there a circularity in this: that we must presuppose the Physics to study logic, but that logic is the method of the Physics? No, because it is not only the considerations of the end, but what is considered of the end that is presupposed, that is to say, not only knowledge of the end, but the structure of the end embedded in nature that is reflected in logic (and the Physics as well).